RESEARCH ARTICLE
Extra-Esophageal Manifestations of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Controversies Between Epidemiology and Clicnic
Hamid Saber1, Mostafa Ghanei*, 2
Article Information
Identifiers and Pagination:
Year: 2012Volume: 6
First Page: 121
Last Page: 126
Publisher ID: TORMJ-6-121
DOI: 10.2174/1874306401206010121
Article History:
Received Date: 20/9/2012Revision Received Date: 4/10/2012
Acceptance Date: 4/10/2012
Electronic publication date: 2/11/2012
Collection year: 2012

open-access license: This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is widely associated with asthma, chronic cough, and laryngitis. Many studies have focused on acidic reflux; however, acid is just one of many factors that can cause pulmonary injury. The discrepancy between the high frequency of GERD in asthmatic patients and the ineffective reflux therapy outcomes in these patients suggests that GERD may cause injury through other mechanisms, such as pepsinogen, pepsin, bile salts, or other components of reflux materials, instead of the acid. Research using appropriate and innovative methodologies to investigate these potential inflammatory agents in patients with GERD is required to determine the underlying factors associated with pulmonary disorders in these patients.