RESEARCH ARTICLE


Extra-Esophageal Manifestations of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Controversies Between Epidemiology and Clicnic



Hamid Saber1, Mostafa Ghanei*, 2
1 Faculty of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
2 Research Center of Chemical Injuries, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran


Article Metrics

CrossRef Citations:
12
Total Statistics:

Full-Text HTML Views: 3501
Abstract HTML Views: 2327
PDF Downloads: 849
Total Views/Downloads: 6677
Unique Statistics:

Full-Text HTML Views: 1318
Abstract HTML Views: 1260
PDF Downloads: 594
Total Views/Downloads: 3172



Creative Commons License
© Saber and Ghanei; Licensee Bentham Open.

open-access license: This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.

* Address correspondence to this author at the Baqiyatallah University of Medical, Sciences, Research Center of Chemical Injuries, P.O. Box: 19945-546, Tehran, Iran; Tel: +98 21 88600067; Fax: +98 21 88211524; E-mail: mghanei@hbi.ir


Abstract

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is widely associated with asthma, chronic cough, and laryngitis. Many studies have focused on acidic reflux; however, acid is just one of many factors that can cause pulmonary injury. The discrepancy between the high frequency of GERD in asthmatic patients and the ineffective reflux therapy outcomes in these patients suggests that GERD may cause injury through other mechanisms, such as pepsinogen, pepsin, bile salts, or other components of reflux materials, instead of the acid. Research using appropriate and innovative methodologies to investigate these potential inflammatory agents in patients with GERD is required to determine the underlying factors associated with pulmonary disorders in these patients.

Keywords: : Gastroesophageal reflux disease, respiratory, asthma, cough, epidemiology..